When the amount of cases increases above the normal average of events within a brief period, a disease outbreak happens. An infected element can persist without typical symptoms at the early phase of the infection only later, the patient can develop clinical symptoms and be diagnosed as a disease case. Then, the infection is transferred to other agents through its forms of transportation, consequently spreading in the population.
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In its transmission, an agent or set of agents are introduced into a population of susceptible elements. As of April 10, 2020, there are 1,684,833 laboratory-confirmed cases of the virus and 102,136 deaths reported globally.ĬOVID-19 is considered a very infectious disease transmitted from one host to another through different modes of transmission, such as airborne droplets disseminated by sneezing or coughing, direct physical contact, etc. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Experimental results have demonstrated that the simulations provide useful information to produce strategies for reducing the transmission risks of COVID-19 within the facilities. Several hypothetical scenarios have been considered to show the performance of the proposed model. In general, this profile partially determines the behavior of the agent during its interactions with other individuals. The model also includes an individual profile for each agent, which defines its main social characteristics and health conditions used during its interactions.
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Such rules correspond to spatial patterns and infection conditions under which agents interact to characterize the transmission process. In the model, simulated agents make decisions depending on the programmed rules. The proposed scheme has been designed to simulate the spatiotemporal transmission process. In this paper, an agent-based model to evaluate the COVID-19 transmission risks in facilities is presented. Different from classical mathematical models (which consider a homogenous population), agent-based approaches model individuals with distinct characteristics and provide more realistic results. On the other hand, agent-based modeling is a relatively new approach to model complex systems composed of agents whose behavior is described using simple rules. Under such circumstances, the use of mathematical models to evaluate the transmission risk of COVID-19 in various facilities represents an important tool in assisting authorities to make informed decisions. As countries reach the infection peak, it is planned to return to a new normal under different coexistence conditions in order to reduce the economic effects produced by the total or partial closure of companies, universities, shops, etc.
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The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a global threat affecting almost all countries in the world.